The synzootic potential of common epidemics in chamois populations

Abstract Southern chamois ( Rupicapra pyrenaica ) is a medium-sized and gregarious mountain ungulate with populations affected by periodic outbreaks of border disease virus (BD), infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), sarcoptic mange (SM). Even though the impact each on has been described in detail, there lack information about potential concomitant epidemics synzootic (co-occurring enzootic or epizootic processes producing worse health outcomes wildlife) populations. Furthermore, whether specific order apparition more less harmful for host population practically unknown not only but also most mammal Using viability analysis (PVA), we studied consequences multiple growth rates probabilities extinction virtual exposed to hard winters, density dependence, co-occurring BD, IKC, SM outbreaks. Such infections are under cross-immunity nor density-dependent thus supposed affect demography independently. Heavy snowfalls likely occur our simulated Our simulations showed that second outbreak, even caused low virulent pathogen, causes an increase probability regard first outbreak. IKC-BD- SM-BD-affected had higher risk becoming extinct 50 years confirming extra